By his purchase of the Werrington estate of the Morice family in the 1770s, the 1st Duke of Northumberland became patron of Newport, as well as of Launceston: he became the owner of most of the burgages, but some were owned by Sir Jonathan Phillipps of Newport House.Oldfield, Boroughs, i. 113; A. F. Robbins, Launceston Past and Present, 289. For over 40 years, however, no firm opposition was offered to the dukesAdd. 23668, f.
After the expensive contest between Viscount Falmouth and Sir Francis Basset for control of Mitchell in 1784, a compromise ensued by which each party returned one Member in 1790,Oldfield, Boroughs, i. 78. Basset naming Howell again and Falmouth Christopher Hawkins. Before the election of 1796 Basset sold his property at Mitchell to Hawkins, who, though sitting in that Parliament on Falmouth’s interest, henceforward shared the parliamentary patronage with him.
The earls of Mount Edgcumbe, George, 1st Earl (d.1795) and Richard his heir, recorders of the borough, retained their control over the corporation and thus the nomination to both seats at Lostwithiel throughout the period. As long as the mayor and six aldermen were in their interest, the patronage was safe, but they still thought it wise to have friendly peers and revenue officers (who could not vote at parliamentary elections) made common councilmen.
The Bullers of Morval remained in uncontested control of West Looe throughout the period. John Buller (d.1793) continued his policy of selling the seats to friends of administration in 1790. His son John, who inherited the patronage, was all set to do the same in 1796; John Hookham Frere, reported his friend Canning in May, was to come in ‘at a very easy price, for a very easy seat in a Cornish borough’.
John Buller† of East Looe (d.1786) left a secure interest there to his eldest son John Buller I. The latter had been in India since 1777 and in his absence made first his uncle William Buller bishop of Exeter (d.1796), then his first cousin once removed, James Buller of Downes, his ‘confidential agent’ for East Looe.
Until 1802 Edward Eliot, 1st Baron Eliot of Port Eliot, maintained his family’s long-established control of Liskeard unchallenged, paying the borough expenses and selecting the few freemen not on the corporation from among his friends. He returned his sons again in 1790 and 1796 and nothing came of a report that (Sir) Christopher Hawkins would attack him at the latter election.Oldfield, Boroughs, i. 117; St. Germans mss, Hon. E. J. to Ld. Eliot, 15 Feb.
By purchasing the Morice family’s estate of Werrington, Hugh, 1st Duke of Northumberland, acquired the leading interest from 1780; his heir Hugh, who succeeded to the title and to the recordership of Launceston in 1786, preserved his interest there by charging low rents and finding places for the corporators, as well as by keeping down the number of freemen created. Having fallen out with Pitt he had refused to return George Rose, the latter’s secretary at the Treasury, when he sought re-election at Launceston in 1788, and this decision had disagreeable consequences for him.
The principal interest in this corporation borough lay with Francis, 5th Duke of Leeds, heir to the Godolphin interest there. His hold on the borough had, however, been undermined by a decision of the House, made in 1775 and subsequently confirmed, whereby the right of voting lay not in the new corporation, created by a charter of 1774 on the Godolphin interest, but in the surviving old corporators, whose number had dwindled by 1787 to one, the obstinate octogenarian Richard Penhall.
Grampound had been quiescent since Edward Eliot, created Baron Eliot, took over the patronage in 1758: he usually sold the seats to friends of government. It was, however, the most vulnerable of the Cornish boroughs he managed, being the one where he had the least natural interest; and although he was able to arrange the returns as usual in 1790, he lost control thereafter. No patron was safe at Grampound again. The electors terrorized all comers and Grampound was under sentence of death by 1820.
The principal interest at Fowey was in the Rashleigh family represented by Philip Rashleigh of Menabilly, assisted by his brother Charles; next, though not so much based on property as on goodwill, came that of the 1st Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, who built the town hall in 1792. They proposed to share the representation in 1790, as they had done for many years, but met with ‘a very powerful and expensive opposition’ ostensibly in the name of the Prince of Wales, but actually fomented by local intrigue.
